太田述正コラム#15300（2025.11.8）
＜Morris, Marc『The Anglo-Saxons: A History of the Beginnings of England』を読む（その13）＞（2026.2.2公開）

　「・・・Oswald＜（注21）＞ became the new ruler of Northumbria, reuniting the kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira.

　（注21）オズワルド（605？～641年。「ノーサンブリア王 (在位 633～641) 。聖人。アイダンの助力でノーサンブリアにキリスト教を広め，ウェールズの王カドワロンと戦って勝利したが，異教を奉じるマーシア王ペンダのために敗死。殉教者として列聖された。」
https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%9A%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A9-40442

　(It must have helped that his mother, Acha, had been a member of the Deiran dynasty.) He erased the shame of defeat and devastation at Cadwallon’s hands, and restored the northern kingdom to its former glory and primacy. This by itself would probably have been enough to endear him to Bede, but the historian was particularly delighted that Oswald was a Christian, having converted during his time in exile. (His older brother, Eanfrith, had done the same, but then despicably reverted to paganism.) Bede names Oswald as the sixth in his line of overlords, and enthused that ‘although he wielded supreme power over the whole island, he was always wonderfully humble, kind and generous to the poor and to strangers’.・・・
　Like his tyrannical father before him, Oswald carried war and destruction in all directions, and was merciless in his pursuit of his enemies. It was no surprise, therefore, that he should eventually come to blows with Penda＜（注22）＞, the king of Mercia.・・・

　（注22）ペンダ（？～655年。マーシア王：626？～655年）。「キリスト教がアングロサクソン諸国に広まりつつあった時代にキリスト教に帰依していなかった人物としても知られる。・・・ペンダは633年のハットフィールド・チェイスの戦いでノーサンブリア王エドウィンを敗死させ、９年後のマザーフィールドの戦いではエドウィンの後継者オスワルドも戦死させ、イングランド中央部に強大な勢力を持つ王となった。さらに彼はイースト・アングリアと戦いこれに勝利、そしてウェセックスに進攻して王チェンワルフを亡命させ、さらにノーサンブリアへ進攻するなど強大な権力を持つ王となった。しかしその13年後の655年、ノーサンブリアに転戦中、ウィンウェド＜（Winwæd）＞の戦いで戦死した。」
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80_(%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E7%8E%8B)

⇒七王国時代のアングロサクソンが（、当時のブリトン人諸王の少なからざる部分同様、）弥生性の塊のような諸王によって率いられていたことを銘記しましょう。（太田）

　At the same time that monasticism was making great headway in Ireland, the Irish were starting to colonize the western seaboard of what is now Scotland, creating a new kingdom called Dal Riata＜（注23）＞ – a maritime empire that spread across the North Channel, and included hundreds of tiny islands and craggy peninsulas.

　（注23）ダル・リアタ。ケルト文化系の王国で、北アイルランドとスコットランド西端部にまたがる。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata

　It was on one such island, a dot in the sea called Iona, that a well-connected Irishman named Columba founded a new monastic community in 563 with the blessing of Dal Riata’s rulers. Soon it became the pre-eminent Christian centre in the kingdom, a base from which other monasteries were founded, and a destination for pilgrims and penitents. It was to Dal Riata that Oswald’s family had fled when he was in his early teens. During his seventeen-year stay in the kingdom he had learned to speak Irish and converted to Christianity, probably being baptized on Iona. Unsurprisingly, therefore, once he had returned to Northumbria in 634 and found he needed to replace the churchmen who had fled the previous year, he looked to his own spiritual alma mater rather than to distant Canterbury. Immediately after his accession, he sent to Iona requesting a new pastor for his people, and received in return a monk named Aidan＜（注24）＞, who became Northumbria’s new bishop.

　（注24）聖アイダン（？～651）。
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Aidan

　Aidan, raised in the Irish tradition, had no desire to reside, like his predecessor, in the old Roman city of York, and so the new stone church that Paulinus had begun to build there was abandoned. The new bishop instead sought out an island on which he might found a monastery, and settled on Lindisfarne＜（注25）＞, just off the Northumbrian coast, but conveniently close to Oswald’s royal palace at Bamburgh.

　（注25）Lindisfarne Abbey（リンディスファーン修道院）
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindisfarne
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2

　Here he raised a church in the modest Irish manner, with walls of wood and a roof of reeds.
　As the fledgling community at Lindisfarne grew, so too did the young Wilfrid＜（注26）＞.」（77～78、88～90）

　（注26）ウィンフリード（680？～755年）。「７歳で修道院に入る。・・・716年フリースラントに伝道するが失敗して帰国，翌年ローマに向かい教皇グレゴリウス２世から異教伝道の許可とボニファティウス(善行をなす者)の名を与えられ，ヘッセンで活動し数千の受洗者を得＜て、＞・・・「ドイツの使徒」と呼ばれたが，フリースラント布教中，殉教。」
https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%86%E3%81%84%E3%82%93%E3%81%B5%E3%82%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%81%A9-3178158#

⇒ダル・リアタの、就中アイオナ島における、修道院主義、も、ペラギウス主義と親和性があった、と、私は見ているところ、ケルト系ならぬアングロサクソンのノーサンブリアへのキリスト教の定着が修道院主義によってなされたことは、興味深いものがあります。（太田）

（続く）